📁 Build a File Organizer Automation Script

Loop through every file in the target folder and move it to the right subfolder.

import os
import shutil
from pathlib import Path

FILE_TYPES = {
    'Images':     ['.jpg', '.jpeg', '.png', '.gif', '.bmp', '.svg', '.webp', '.ico'],
    'Documents':  ['.pdf', '.doc', '.docx', '.xls', '.xlsx', '.ppt', '.pptx', '.txt', '.csv'],
    'Videos':     ['.mp4', '.mov', '.avi', '.mkv', '.wmv', '.flv', '.webm'],
    'Audio':      ['.mp3', '.wav', '.flac', '.aac', '.ogg', '.m4a'],
    'Archives':   ['.zip', '.rar', '.7z', '.tar', '.gz'],
    'Code':       ['.py', '.js', '.html', '.css', '.java', '.cpp', '.c', '.json', '.xml'],
    'Executables':['.exe', '.msi', '.dmg', '.pkg', '.deb'],
}

def get_category(extension):
    for category, extensions in FILE_TYPES.items():
        if extension.lower() in extensions:
            return category
    return 'Other'

def organize_folder(folder_path):
    folder = Path(folder_path)
    moved = 0

    for file in folder.iterdir():
        if not file.is_file():
            continue                # skip subfolders

        category = get_category(file.suffix)
        dest_folder = folder / category
        dest_folder.mkdir(exist_ok=True)

        dest = dest_folder / file.name
        # Avoid overwriting — rename if file already exists
        counter = 1
        while dest.exists():
            dest = dest_folder / f"{file.stem}_{counter}{file.suffix}"
            counter += 1

        shutil.move(str(file), str(dest))
        print(f"Moved: {file.name}  →  {category}/")
        moved += 1

    print(f"\nDone! {moved} files organised.")

organize_folder(r"C:\Users\YourName\Downloads")  # change to your folder

Moved: photo.jpg         →  Images/
Moved: report.pdf        →  Documents/
Moved: song.mp3          →  Audio/
Moved: installer.exe     →  Executables/
Moved: notes.txt         →  Documents/
Moved: archive.zip       →  Archives/

Done! 6 files organised.

import sys

if __name__ == '__main__':
    if len(sys.argv) < 2:
        print("Usage: python organizer.py <folder_path>")
        print("Example: python organizer.py C:/Users/John/Downloads")
        sys.exit(1)

    target = sys.argv[1]
    if not os.path.isdir(target):
        print(f"Error: '{target}' is not a valid folder")
        sys.exit(1)

    organize_folder(target)

def organize_folder(folder_path, dry_run=False):
    folder = Path(folder_path)
    moved = 0

    for file in folder.iterdir():
        if not file.is_file():
            continue

        category = get_category(file.suffix)
        dest_folder = folder / category
        action = "Would move" if dry_run else "Moved"

        if not dry_run:
            dest_folder.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
            dest = dest_folder / file.name
            counter = 1
            while dest.exists():
                dest = dest_folder / f"{file.stem}_{counter}{file.suffix}"
                counter += 1
            shutil.move(str(file), str(dest))

        print(f"{action}: {file.name}  →  {category}/")
        moved += 1

    mode = "DRY RUN — nothing moved" if dry_run else "Done!"
    print(f"\n{mode} {moved} files.")

# Preview first
organize_folder("Downloads", dry_run=True)